D. The Phrase is a small group of words standing together as a conceptual unit, typically forming a component of a clause. The Phrase types are:
a. A Noun Phrase is just a noun or a pronoun. (e.g. People like to have money.) or a determiner and a noun. (e.g. Our friends have bought a house in the village.)
b. A Verb Phrase consists of a main verb alone, or a main verb plus any modal (can, could, may, might, must, shall, should, will, would) and/or auxiliary verbs (be, have). The main verb always comes last in the verb phrase. (e.g. Ann might have been waiting outside for you.)
c. A Prepositional Phrase is made up of a preposition and a noun phrase. (e.g. We will be back in a few days.)
d. An Adverb Phrase consists of one or more words. The adverb is the head of the phrase and can appear alone or it can be modified by other words. (e.g. Time goes very quickly.)
e. An Adjective Phrase is that they go with nouns and change or add to their meaning. (e.g. She speaks in a very slow.)

D1. Noun Phrase is just a noun or a pronoun. (e.g. People like to have money.) or a determiner and a noun. (e.g. Our friends have bought a house in the village.)
a. and with an adjective. (e.g. Our closest friends have just bought a new house in the village.)
b. Sometimes the noun phrase begins with a quantifier. (e.g. All those children go to school here.)
c. Quantifiers come before determiners, but numbers come after determiners. (e.g. My four children go to school here. (All my children go to school here.))

d. Noun phrase is built up as follows;
1. Noun (people, money)
2. Determiner + noun (the village, a house, our friends, those houses)
3. Quantifier + noun (some people; a lot of money)
4. Determiner + adjective + noun (our closest friends; a new house)
5. Quantifier + determiner + noun (all those children)
6. Quantifier + determiner + adjective + noun (both of my younger brothers)

e. The noun phrase can be quite complicated (e.g. a loaf of nice fresh brown bread, the eight-year-old boy who attempted to rob a sweet shop with a pistol)

D2. The verb phrase in English has the following forms:
a. a main verb: The verb may be in the present tense (are, like) or the past tense (saw, laughed). A verb phrase with only a main verb expresses simple aspect. (e.g. We are here)
b. an auxiliary verb 'be' and a main verb in ‘–ing’ form expresses continuous aspect. (e.g. Everybody is watching.)
c. an auxiliary verb 'have' and a main verb with ‘past participle’ expresses perfect aspect. A verb with have/has expresses present perfect, and a verb with had expresses past perfect. (e.g. They have enjoyed themselves.)
d. an auxiliary verb 'have + been' and a main verb in the ‘–ing’ form expresses perfect continuous aspect. A verb with have/has expresses present perfect continuous, and a verb with had expresses past perfect continuous. (e.g. Everybody has been working hard.)
e. a modal verb 'can', 'could', 'may', 'might', 'must', 'shall', 'should', 'will', 'would' and a main verb. (e.g. They will come.)
f. We can use modal verbs with the auxiliaries 'be', 'have', and 'have been'. (e.g. They will be listening.)

D3. A Prepositional Phrase is made up of a Preposition and a Noun Phrase
a. as adverbials of time and place (e.g. We will be back in a few days.)
b. as a modifier in a noun phrase (e.g. Helen is the girl in the red dress.)
c. to show who did something (e.g. The lion was killed by the hunter.)
d. with double object verbs like give and get (e.g. We gave five pounds to the woman on the corner.)
e. after certain verbs, nouns and adjectives (e.g. The book belongs to me.)

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