E. Quantifier is a determiner or pronoun indicative of quantity.
a. We use Quantifiers when we want to give someone information about the number of something: how much or how many. (e.g. How much does it cost?)
b. use these Quantifies with both countable and uncountable nouns: all, any, enough, less, a lot of, lots of, more, most, no, none of, some, plenty of, heaps of, a load of, loads of, tons of etc.  
c. Some Quantifiers can be used only with countable nouns: both, each, either, (a) few, fewer, neither, several, a couple of, hundreds of, thousands of etc.
d. Some Quantifiers can be used only with uncountable nouns: a little, (not) much, a bit of, etc.
e. particularly with abstract nouns such as time, money, trouble, etc., we often use 'a great deal of', 'a good deal of' (e.g. I think the difference is subtle, but a great deal of money is for me more than a lot of money.)
f. We can use a Quantifiers before noun when we are talking about members of a group in general. (e.g. Few snakes are dangerous.) But a specific group of people or things, use of 'the ~'. (e.g. Few of the snakes are dangerous.)
g. If we are talking about two people or things we use the Quantifiers 'both', 'either' and 'neither' (e.g. one supermarket (The supermarket was closed.), two supermarkets (Neither of the supermarkets was open), more than two supermarkets (I don't think any of the supermarkets were open.))
1. Nouns with 'either' and 'neither' have a singular verb. (e.g. I don’t think either of the supermarkets was open.)
h. Singular Quantifier 'every' or 'each' with a singular noun to mean all (e.g. There was a party in every street. = There were parties in all the streets.)
1. We often use 'every' to talk about times like days, weeks and years. (e.g. When we were children we had holidays at our grandmother’s every year.)
2. But we do not use a determiner with every and each. (e.g. We do not say: (The) Every shop was decorated with flowers.)

E1. We can use 'some' and 'any' with plural countable noun. In general use 'some' in positive sentences and 'any' in negative sentences.
a. use 'some' and 'any' in questions. We use 'some' to talk about a person or thing that we know exists, or we think exists. (e.g. Are you waiting for somebody? (I think you are waiting somebody))
b. We use 'some' in questions when we offer or ask for things. (e.g. Would you like something to eat? (there is something to eat))
c. But in most questions, we use 'any'. We do not know if the thing or person exists. (e.g. I can't find my bag. Has anybody seen it?)
d. Often use 'any' after 'if' (e.g. If there are any letters for me, ~. I'm sorry for any trouble I've caused. (=if I have caused any trouble))
1. We use 'any' with the meaning it doesn't matter. (e.g. Come and see me any time you want.)
e. Somebody, someone, anybody, anyone are singular words. But often use they/ them/ their after these words. (e.g. If anyone wants to leave early, they can. (= he or she can))
f. We can use 'some' and 'any' without a noun. (e.g. I don't have any problems but Bob has some. (some problems))

E2. use 'no' + noun, No = 'not a' or 'not any' (e.g. We had to walk home because there was no bus. (= There wasn't a bus))
a. can use 'no' + noun at the beginning of a sentence (e.g. No reason was given for the change of plan)
b. use 'none' without a noun (e.g. How much money do you have? None. (= no money))
c. After 'none of' + plural, the verb can be singular or plural (e.g. none of the students, none of them. None of the shops were (or was) open.)
d. Nothing, nobody, no-one, nowhere
1. We can use ‘nothing’, ‘nobody’, ‘no-one’, ‘nowhere’ negative words at the beginning of a sentence or alone. (e.g. Nobody (or No one) came to visit me while I was in hospital.)
2. can also use these words after a verb (be or have) (e.g. The house is empty. There's nobody living there.)
3. 'nothing', 'nobody' etc. = not + anything/ anybody etc. (e.g. I didn't say anything (= I said nothing))
4. do not use a negative verb with 'nothing', 'nobody' etc. (e.g. Nobody tells me anything. (not Nobody doesn't tell me))
e. 'any', 'anything', 'anybody' etc. (without not) to mean 'it doesn't matter'. (e.g. The exam was very easy. Anybody could have passed. (= it doesn't matter who))
f. after 'nobody', 'no one', can use they/ them/ their. (e.g. Nobody phoned, did they? (= did he or she))

E3. We use 'much' and 'little' with uncountable nouns. (e.g. much time, little money)
a. use 'many' and 'few' with plural nouns. (e.g. many people, few countries)
b. use 'a lot of', 'lots of', 'plenty of' with both uncountable and plural nouns. (e.g. a lot of lucky, plenty of ideas)
c. plenty = more than enough. (e.g. There's no need to hurry. We 've got plenty of time)
d. 'much' is unusually in positive sentences, especially in spoken English. (e.g. We didn't spend much money. We spent a lot of money. (not We spent much money))
1. We use 'many' and 'a lot of' in all kind of sentences. We say many years, many weeks, many days (not a lot of~). (e.g. We've lived here for many years. (=not a lot of years))
e. 'little' and 'few' (without a) are negative ideas (= not much or not many) (e.g. Jay is very busy with his job. He has little time for other things. (= not much time, less time than he would like))
1. We can say 'very little' and 'very few'. (e.g. Jay has very little time for other things.)
f. 'a little' and 'a few' has a more positive meaning.
1. a little = some, a small amount. (e.g. Do you speak English? A little. (talk a bit))
2. a few = some, a small number. (e.g. When was the last time you saw Jon? A few days ago. (= some days ago))
3. He spoke 'little' English, so it was difficult to communicate with him. vs. He spoke a little English, so we were able to communicate with him.
4. We can say 'only a little' and 'only a few'. (e.g. Hurry! We only have a little time. (not only little time))

E4. We can use all, some, any, most, much, many, little, few, no with a noun (e.g. some food, few books, NO CARS (= no cars allowed))
a. also use 'some' and 'most' etc. alone, without a none (e.g. Some cars have four doors and some have two)
b. but we cannot say 'all of cars', 'some of people' etc. (e.g. Some people learn languages more easily than others. (not Some of people)
c. we say 'most' (not the most) (e.g. Most tourists don't visit this part of the town.)
d. all, some, any, most, much, many, little, few, half, none: We can use these words with 'of' (e.g. some of/ most of etc.)
1. can use 'some of the people', 'some of those people' (but not 'some of people')
2. don't need 'of' after 'all' or 'half'. (e.g. All my friends live in London. or All of my friends~.)
3. can use 'all of', 'some of', 'none of' etc. + it/ us/ you/ them. (e.g. Do you like this music? Some of it. Not all of it.)
4. say 'all of us/ you', 'half of it', 'half of them' etc. We cannot leave out 'of' before it/ us/ you/ them. (e.g. All of us were late. (not all us))

E5. We use 'both', 'neither', 'either' for two things, and with a noun: both books, neither book etc.
a. Both restaurants are very good. (not the both restaurants), neither restaurant is expensive. We can go to either restaurant. I don't mind.
b. We use 'both of', 'neither of', 'either of' + the/ these/ my/ Jon's etc.
1. say both of the restaurants, both of those restaurants etc. (but not both of restaurants)
2. don't need 'of' after both. (e.g. Both my parents are from London or Both of my parents~.)
3. We can use 'both of', 'neither of', 'either of' + us/ you/ them. (e.g. I asked two people the way to the station, but neither of them could help me.)
4. must say 'both of' before us/ you/ them. (e.g. Both of us were very tired. (not Both us were ~))
5. after ‘neither of ~’ a singular or a plural verb is possible. (e.g. Neither of the children wants (or want) to go to bed. 
c. 'both ~ and ~'. (e.g. Both Bob and Ken were late.)
1. 'neither ~ nor ~'. (e.g. Neither Bob nor Ken came to the party.)
2. 'either ~ or ~'. (e.g. I'm not sure where Bob's from. He's either Spanish or Italian.)
d. 'either', 'neither', 'both' (two things) and 'any', 'none' 'all' (more than two) (e.g. There are two good hotels here. You could stay at either of them. vs. There are many good hotels here. You could stay at any of them)

E6. all, everybody, everyone: We do not normally use 'all' to mean everybody/ everyone. (e.g. Everybody enjoyed the party. (not All enjoyed))
a. say 'all of us/ you/ them' (not everybody of ~) (e.g. All of us enjoyed the party. (not Everybody of us))
b. Sometimes can use 'all' or 'everything'. (e.g. I'll do all I can to help. or I'll do everything I can to help.)
c. can say 'all I can'/ 'all you need' etc. but we do not normally use 'all' alone. (e.g. He thinks he knows everything. (not he knows all))
d. can say 'all about' (e.g. He knows all about computers)
e. use ‘all’ (not everything) to mean 'the only thing(s)' (e.g. All I've eaten today is a sandwich. (= the only thing I've eaten today))
f. 'Every', 'everybody', 'everyone', 'everything' are singular words. (e.g. Every seat in the theatre was taken.)
1. but can use they/ them/ their after 'everybody', 'everyone'. (e.g. Everybody said they enjoyed themselves. (= he or she enjoyed himself or herself))
g. whole = complete, entire. Most often we use 'whole' with singular nouns. (e.g. Did you read the whole book? (= all the book, not just a part of it))
1. can use the/ my/ her etc. before 'whole': the whole book = all the book, her whole life = all her life
2. do not normally use 'whole' with uncountable nouns (e.g. I've spent all the money you gave me. (not the whole money))
h. Every, all, whole with time: We use 'every' to say how often something happens: (e.g. every day)
1. 'all day' = 'the whole day' = the complete day from beginning to end (all day (not all the day), all week (not all the week)
2. 'all the time' = always, continuously (e.g. They never go out. They are at home all the time)
3. 'every time' on every occasion (e.g. Every time I see you, you look different)

E7. Each and every are similar, but;
a. use 'each' when we think of things separately, one by one. 'Each' is more usual for a small number. (e.g. Study each sentence carefully)
b. use 'every' when we think of things are as a group. The meaning is similar to all. (e.g. Every sentence must have a verb)
c. 'each' (but not every) can be used for two things. (e.g. In a football match, each team has eleven players. (= not every team))
d. use 'every' (not each) to say how often something happens. (e.g., There's a bus every ten minutes. (not each ten minutes))
e. We can use 'each' and 'every' with a noun: each book, every student
1. can use 'each' alone, but can't use 'every' alone except 'every one'
2. can say 'each of' (the ~/ these ~/ them etc.) and we can say 'every one of' ~ (but not every of)
3. also use 'each' in the middle or at the end of a sentence. (e.g. The students were each given a book. (= Each students was given a book), The oranges cost 15 pence each.)
f. Everyone (one word) is only for people, (= everybody) (e.g. He knew everyone in the business.)
1. Every one (two words) is for things or people, and is similar to each one. (e.g. He visited every one of those countries many times.)

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