A.  use no + noun, No = ‘not a’ or ‘not any’ (e.g. We had to walk home because there was no bus. (= There wasn’t a bus))
A1. use no + noun at the beginning of a sentence (e.g. No reason was given for the change of plan))
A2. use none without a noun (e.g. How much money do you have? None. (= no money))
A3. After none of + plural (none of the students, none of them etc.) the verb can be singular or plural (e.g. None of the shops were (or was) open)

B. Nothing, nobody/ no-one, nowhere
B1. can use these negative words at the beginning of a sentence or alone. (e.g. Nobody (or No-one) came to visit me while I was in hospital)
B2. can also use these words after a verb (be or have) (e.g. the house is empty. There’s nobody living there)
B3. Nothing/ nobody etc. = not + anything/ anybody etc. (e.g. I didn’t say anything (= I said nothing))
B4. with nothing/ nobody etc., do not use a negative verb. (e.g. Nobody tells me anything. (not Nobody doesn’t tell me))

C.  Use any/ anything/ anybody etc. (without not) to mean ‘it doesn’t matter’. (e.g. The exam was very easy. Anybody could have passed. (= it doesn’t matter who))

D. after nobody/ no-one, can use they/ them/ their. (e.g. Nobody phoned, did they? (= did he or she))