D1. We use to say how we do something: by phone, by chance etc. We use by + noun without the or a.
a. But we say pay cash or pay in cash (not by cash), do something on purpose (= you mean to do this) (e.g. I didn’t do it on purpose. It was an accident.)
D2. use by ~ to say how somebody travels: by car (e.g. Joanne usually goes to work by bus.) But we say on foot
a. cannot use by if we say my car/ the train/ a taxi etc. We use by + noun without ‘a/ the/ my’ etc.
b. use in for cars and taxies (e.g. They didn’t come in their car. They came in a taxi.)
D3. We say ‘something is done by somebody/ something’ (passive) (e.g. Have you ever been bitten by a dog?)
D4. By also means beside (e.g. Come and sit by me. (= beside me))
Phrasal Verb: blow
blow out means extinguish (e.g. I will blow out a candle if we don't need it.)
blow over means gradually less important until it is forgotten (e.g. I thought that after a few days the argument would blow over.)
blow up means explode or suddenly very angry (e.g. Man accused of threatening to blow up the city hall. My parent blew up just after they heard my record.)
blow something up means to add air (e.g.We must blow tires up before we leave for Scotland.)