J. What = 'the thing(s) that': What happened was my fault. (= the thing that happened) (e.g. Did you hear what they said? (= the things that they said))
a. cannot use what in this sentences: Everything (that) they said was true. (not Everything what they said) (e.g. The machine that broke down is now working again. (not The machine what broke down. I gave her all the money (that) I had. (not all the money what I had))
J1. Which (not what) = 'the fact that' Bob got the job, which surprised everybody. (1 sentence) which = 'the fact that he got the job'. We must use which (not what). (e.g. Ken couldn't meet us, which was a pity. (not what was a pity))
a. Using 'which' to give more information. We often use the Relative Pronoun which to say something about a clause. (e.g. He was usually late, which always annoyed his father.)
J2. When (Time): We also use when with times to make it clear which time we are talking about. (e.g. England won the world cup in 1996. It was the year when we got married.)
a. but we can leave out the word when. (e.g. England won the world cup in 1996. It was the year we got married.)
J3. Where (Places): We also use where with places to make it clear which place we are talking about. (e.g. I recently went back to the town where I grew up. (or ~ the town I grew up in or ~ the town that I grew up in) What's the name of the place where you went on holiday? Bob has just been to Sweden, where her daughter lives.)
Idiom 365
keeping her chin up: happy despite bad things
Example: She seems to be keeping her chin up.