A. away = away from home (e.g. we’re going away on holiday today)
A1. away = away from a place, a person etc. (e.g. The woman got into her car and drove away)
A2. In the same way you can say: walk away, run away, look away etc.

B. get away = escape, leave with difficulty (e.g. We tried to catch the thief, but he managed to get away)
B1. get away with something = do something wrong without being caught (e.g. I parked in a no-parking zone, but I got away with it)
B2. keep away (from ~) = don’t go near (e.g. keep away from the edge of the pool. You might fall in)
B3. give something away = give it to somebody else because you don’t want it any more (e.g. Did you sell your old computer? No, I give it away)
B4. put something away = put it in the place where it is kept, usually out of sight (e.g. When the children had finished playing with their toys, they put them away)
B5. throw something away = put it in the rubbish (e.g. I kept the letter, but I threw away the envelope)

C. back = back home (e.g. We’ll be back in three weeks)
C1. back = back to a place, a person etc. (What time will you be back?)
C2. In the same way you can say: go back, come back, get back, take something back etc.

D. wave back/ smile back/ shout back/ write back/ hit somebody back (e.g. I waved to her and she waved back)
D1. call/ phone/ ring (somebody) back = return a phone call (e.g. I can’t talk to you now. I’ll call you back in ten minutes)
D2. get back to somebody = reply to them by phone etc. (e.g. I sent him an email, but he never got back to me)
D3. look back (on something) = think about what happened in the past (e.g. My first job was in a travel agency. I didn’t like it very much at the time but, looking back on it, I learnt a lot and it was a very useful experience)
D4. pay back money, pay somebody back (e.g. If you borrow money, you have to pay it back)