N. all, everybody, everyone: We do not normally use 'all' to mean everybody/ everyone. (e.g. Everybody enjoyed the party. (not All enjoyed))
a. say 'all of us/ you/ them' (not everybody of ~) (e.g. All of us enjoyed the party. (not Everybody of us))
b. Sometimes can use 'all' or 'everything'. (e.g. I'll do all I can to help. or I'll do everything I can to help.)
c. can say 'all I can'/ 'all you need' etc. but we do not normally use 'all' alone. (e.g. He thinks he knows everything. (not he knows all))
d. can say 'all about' (e.g. He knows all about computers)
e. use ‘all’ (not everything) to mean 'the only thing(s)' (e.g. All I've eaten today is a sandwich. (= the only thing I've eaten today))
N1. 'Every', 'everybody', 'everyone', 'everything' are singular words. (e.g. Every seat in the theatre was taken.)
a. but can use they/ them/ their after 'everybody', 'everyone'. (e.g. Everybody said they enjoyed themselves. (= he or she enjoyed himself or herself))
N2. whole = complete, entire. Most often we use 'whole' with singular nouns. (e.g. Did you read the whole book? (= all the book, not just a part of it))
a. can use the/ my/ her etc. before 'whole': the whole book = all the book, her whole life = all her life
b. do not normally use 'whole' with uncountable nouns (e.g. I've spent all the money you gave me. (not the whole money))
N3. Every, all, whole with time: We use 'every' to say how often something happens: (e.g. every day)
a. 'all day' = 'the whole day' = the complete day from beginning to end (all day (not all the day), all week (not all the week)
b. 'all the time' = always, continuously (e.g. They never go out. They are at home all the time)
c. 'every time' on every occasion (e.g. Every time I see you, you look different)
Idiom 365
rule of thumb: A rough estimate
Example: A good rule of thumb is that a portion of rice is two handfuls.