A. use much and little with uncountable nouns. (e.g. much time, little money)
A1. use many and few with plural nouns. (e.g. many people, few countries)
A2. use a lot of/ lots of/ plenty of with both uncountable and plural nouns. (e.g. a lot of lucky, plenty of ideas)
A3. plenty = more than enough. (e.g. There’s no need to hurry. We ‘ve got plenty of time)

B. Much is unusually in positive sentences (especially in spoken English). (e.g. We didn’t spend much money. We spent a lot of money. (not We spent much money)
B1. use many and a lot of in all kind of sentences.
B2. say many years/ many weeks/ many days (not a lot of~). (e.g. We’ve lived here for many years. (=not a lot of years)

C. Little and few (without a) are negative ideas (= not much/ not many) (e.g. Jay is very busy with his job. He has little time for other things. (= not much time, less time than he would like))
C1. can say very little and very few. (e.g. Jay has very little time for other things)

D. A little and a few has a more positive meaning.
D1. A little = some, a small amount. (e.g. Do you speak English? A little. (so you talk a bit))
D2. A few = some, a small number. (e.g. When was the last time you saw Jon? A few days ago. (= some days ago)
D3. He spoke little English, so it was difficult to communicate with him. vs. He spoke a little English, so we were able to communicate with him.
D4. can say only a little and only a few. (e.g. Hurry! We only have a little time. (not only little time))